Understanding Cephalexin: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects

## How Cephalexin Works Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that belongs to the β-lactam family. It works by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, ultimately causing bacterial cell death. This medication has been a cornerstone of antibiotic therapy since its introduction in the 1960s and is effective against both gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. ## Common Uses Cephalexin is primarily used to treat various bacterial infections, including: ### Respiratory Tract Infections - Pneumonia - Bronchitis - Strep throat - Tonsillitis ### Skin and Soft Tissue Infections - Cellulitis - Folliculitis - Wound infections - Impetigo - Furuncles ### Other Applications * Urinary tract infections (UTIs) * Bone and joint infections (osteomyelitis) * Ear infections (otitis media) * Dental infections It is important to note that cephalexin is not effective against viral infections such as the common cold or flu. ## Proper Dosage The appropriate dosage varies depending on several factors: ### Adults - Mild to moderate infections: 250-500mg every 6 hours - Severe infections: Up to 4g daily in divided doses ### Children The dose is usually calculated based on the child's weight, typically 25 to 50 mg/kg per day, divided into multiple doses. > **Important**: Always complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before completion. ## Side Effects ### Common Side Effects * Diarrhea * Nausea * Vomiting * Stomach pain * Headache ### Serious Side Effects These require immediate medical attention: 1. Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing) 2. *Clostridioides difficile* infection 3. Severe skin reactions 4. Signs of kidney problems (change in amount of urine) 5. Persistent diarrhea ## Special Populations ### Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Cephalexin is generally considered safe during pregnancy (Category B) and while breastfeeding. However, always consult your healthcare provider before use. ### Elderly Patients Older adults may need dose adjustments due to: - Decreased kidney function - Increased risk of side effects - Potential drug interactions ## Storage and Handling Store cephalexin: - At room temperature (20-25°C/68-77°F) - Away from moisture and heat - Out of reach of children - In its original container ## Precautions and Interactions Before taking cephalexin, inform your doctor if you have: * Allergies, particularly to penicillins or other cephalosporins * Kidney disease * History of gastrointestinal disease * Other medications, especially probenecid or blood thinners ## Antibiotic Resistance To prevent antibiotic resistance: 1. Only use antibiotics when prescribed 2. Complete the full course 3. Never share antibiotics 4. Don't save leftover antibiotics For more detailed information, you can visit resources like [Drugs.com](https://www.drugs.com/cephalexin.html), the [Mayo Clinic](https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/cephalexin-oral-route/description/drg-20073315), or the [FDA medication guide](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fdas-labeling-resources-human-prescription-drugs/patient-labeling-resources).

Understanding Cephalexin: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects

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