Why Drain Your Water Heater?
Over time, sediment and minerals from the water supply accumulate at the bottom of your water heater tank. This buildup can lead to several issues:
- Reduced Efficiency: Sediment acts as an insulator, making it harder for the heating element to heat water and increasing energy consumption
- Decreased Capacity: The buildup takes up space, reducing available hot water
- Shortened Lifespan: Corrosion and overheating from sediment can cause premature failure
- Unusual Noises: Rumbling or popping sounds from the tank
- Decreased Water Quality: Visible sediment in hot water
- Higher Energy Bills: Due to reduced heating efficiency
Recommended Draining Frequency
The optimal draining schedule depends on several factors:
Water Quality
- Normal Conditions: Once per year is typically sufficient
- Hard Water Areas: Every 6 months
- Extremely Hard Water: Every 3 months
- Well Water: Quarterly draining due to higher sediment content
Usage Patterns
- Heavy daily use may require more frequent maintenance
- Vacation homes with intermittent use might need less frequent draining
You can check your area's water hardness using the USGS Water Hardness Map.
How to Drain Your Water Heater
- Turn Off the Power: For electric heaters, switch off the circuit breaker. For gas heaters, set thermostat to "pilot"
- Shut Off the Water Supply: Turn off the cold water supply
- Connect a Hose: Attach a garden hose to the drain valve and direct to drainage location
- Open the Drain Valve: Carefully open valve (water will be hot)
- Flush the Tank: Briefly turn on cold water supply to flush remaining sediment
- Close the Valve and Refill: Close drain valve, remove hose, restore water supply and power
For detailed instructions, visit The Spruce's step-by-step guide.
Additional Maintenance Tips
Regular Tasks
- Test pressure relief valve every 6 months
- Check anode rod annually
- Insulate pipes and tank if recommended
- Maintain proper temperature (120°F is optimal)
Professional Maintenance
Consider having a plumber inspect every 2-3 years to:
- Check safety mechanisms
- Inspect anode rod
- Test pressure relief valve
- Identify potential issues early
"Prevention is better than cure. Installing a whole-house water filtration system can significantly reduce sediment buildup in your water heater."
Warning Signs of Failure
Contact a professional immediately if you notice:
- Rusty water
- Leaks around tank base
- No hot water
- Excessive noise
- Age over 10-15 years
For more information on water heater maintenance, visit Energy.gov's guide.
Regular maintenance can extend your water heater's life by 3-5 years, reduce energy costs by 10-15%, and prevent expensive emergency repairs while ensuring consistent hot water supply.