Types of Termites
There are over 2,000 species of termites worldwide, but the most common types that affect homes are:
Subterranean Termites
Subterranean termites are the most destructive type of termite. They live in colonies underground and build mud tubes to access food sources above ground. They are found in every state in the U.S. except Alaska.
- Characteristics: Creamy white to dark brown or black in color
- Habitat: Prefer moist environments and are often found in basements or foundations
Drywood Termites
Unlike their subterranean cousins, these termites live entirely within the wood they infest. They don't require contact with soil and are typically found in warmer climates.
- Characteristics: Light brown to dark brown in color
- Habitat: Infest dry wood, including structural timbers, furniture, and hardwood floors
Dampwood Termites
Dampwood termites are larger than other termite species and prefer wood with high moisture content. They're commonly found in decaying wood and areas with water damage.
Termite Colony Structure
Termites are social insects that live in colonies, which can range from a few hundred to several million individuals. Each colony has:
- Queen: The reproductive center of the colony
- King: Mates with the queen
- Workers: Maintain the colony and gather food
- Soldiers: Defend against threats
- Swarmers: Reproductive termites that start new colonies
Signs of Termite Infestation
- Mud tubes on exterior walls
- Hollow-sounding wood when tapped
- Swarmers or discarded wings
- Frass (termite droppings)
- Bubbling or uneven paint surfaces
Impact on Homes
According to the National Pest Management Association, termites cause over $5 billion in property damage yearly. Common areas of damage include:
- Foundation supports
- Wall studs
- Floor joists
- Ceiling beams
- Window frames
- Furniture
Prevention Methods
Moisture Control
- Keep soil around foundation dry
- Fix leaking pipes promptly
- Ensure proper ventilation
- Maintain functioning gutters
Structural Maintenance
"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" applies perfectly to termite control.
- Remove wood debris from around home
- Keep wood materials away from foundation
- Seal entry points around utilities
- Regular professional inspections
Treatment Options
Chemical Treatments
- Use of termiticides to create a barrier around the home
- Professional treatments that create a protective zone around structures
Bait Systems
- Installation of bait stations to eliminate colonies
- Strategically placed stations that eliminate colonies over time
Fumigation
Used for severe infestations, especially with drywood termites
For more information on termite treatment options, check out the Environmental Protection Agency's guide on termite control.
Professional Inspection Schedule
| Inspection Type | Frequency | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Visual | Quarterly | Spot checking for signs |
| Comprehensive | Annually | Complete property evaluation |
| Pre-purchase | One-time | Home buying inspection |
Environmental Impact
While termites can be destructive to human structures, they play a vital role in natural ecosystems by:
- Breaking down dead plant material
- Recycling nutrients into soil
- Creating channels that improve soil structure
- Supporting other species in the ecosystem