Astronomy

Ancient cultures and major religions have apocalyptic prophecies, while scientific theories predict cosmic and climate threats. Modern risks include AI, nuclear warfare, and biological weapons. Initiatives like the Svalbard Seed Vault and space colonization aim to mitigate these threats. Society's response involves anxiety, activism, and innovation.

Physical science studies non-living systems, focusing on energy, matter, and natural laws. Major branches include physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth science. It drives technological, medical, and environmental advancements. Emerging fields like quantum computing and nanotechnology highlight its evolving nature.

The physical sciences study non-living systems to uncover nature's laws through observation, experimentation, and modeling. Core disciplines include physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth sciences. Key concepts involve the scientific method, forces, and conservation laws. Modern applications span materials science, environmental science, and quantum technology, with future directions in quantum computing, dark matter, fusion energy, and nanoscience.

Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago in the solar nebula, evolving to support life due to its position in the habitable zone. The Sun, in its main sequence, will eventually become a red giant, potentially engulfing Earth. Natural and human-induced threats, like climate change, pose risks. Efforts focus on planetary defense, space colonization, and sustainability to ensure long-term survival.