Understanding the Employer Identification Number (EIN)
An Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a unique nine-digit identifier assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to businesses in the United States. It is essential for tax filing, opening business bank accounts, hiring employees, and various other business operations.
Application Methods and Processing Times
1. Online Application
- Fastest method through the IRS website
- Available Monday through Friday, 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. Eastern time
- EIN issued immediately upon completion
- Must complete application in one session (15-minute timeout)
- Only available for U.S. and U.S. Territory businesses
2. Phone Application
- Domestic businesses: 800-829-4933 (7 a.m. to 7 p.m. local time, Monday-Friday)
- International applicants: 267-941-1099 (6 a.m. to 11 p.m. Eastern Time)
- EIN issued immediately during the call
3. Fax Application
- Submit Form SS-4
- Processing time: approximately four business days
- EIN faxed back to provided number
- Available 24/7 for submission
4. Mail Application
- Submit Form SS-4 to appropriate IRS address
- Longest processing method: 4-5 weeks
- Response delivered via regular mail
Factors Affecting Processing Time
Several circumstances may extend processing times:
- Incomplete applications
- Complex business structures
- Need for additional verification
- Peak tax seasons
- Federal holidays or government shutdowns
- International applicant status
Requirements and Documentation
To obtain an EIN, you'll need:
- Business name and address
- Type of business entity
- Business structure
- Owner's name and Social Security number/ITIN
- Reason for EIN application
Tips for a Smooth Application Process
- Prepare all required information in advance
- Double-check information for accuracy
- Use the online system when possible
- Apply during non-peak hours
- Choose the application method based on urgency
- Ensure eligibility for online application
Remember: Your EIN is permanent and unique to your business. Keep the confirmation letter secure, as you'll need this number for:
- Opening business bank accounts
- Filing tax returns
- Hiring employees
- Applying for business licenses
For comprehensive information and resources, visit the IRS EIN page.