What is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the inner lining of your large intestine (colon and rectum) using a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope. This procedure helps in identifying abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, or inflammation.
General Age Guidelines
For people at average risk of colorectal cancer, current recommendations include:
- Starting regular screenings at age 45
- Continuing screenings through age 75
- Discussing with your doctor whether to continue screening between ages 76-85
- Stopping screenings after age 85
Risk Factors Requiring Earlier Screening
Certain individuals may need to begin screening earlier or undergo more frequent screenings. High-risk factors include:
- Family History: If you have a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) who has had colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps, begin screening at age 40 or 10 years before their diagnosis age, whichever comes first
- Personal History: Those with inflammatory bowel disease, adenomatous polyps, or colorectal cancer need a personalized schedule
- Genetic Syndromes: Individuals with Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis should begin screening in their teens or twenties
"The best screening test is the one that gets done," says the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
Screening Frequency
| Risk Level | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Average Risk | Every 10 years | If no polyps found |
| High Risk | Every 5 years or more frequently | Based on findings and risk factors |
Alternative Screening Methods
While colonoscopy is the gold standard, other options include:
- Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) - Yearly
- Stool DNA Test (Cologuard) - Every 3 years
- CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) - Every 5 years
Preparing for Your Colonoscopy
Preparation typically involves:
- Following a clear liquid diet the day before
- Taking prescribed bowel preparation medication
- Arranging transportation home after the procedure
- Discussing current medications with your doctor
For detailed preparation instructions, consult your healthcare provider or refer to the Mayo Clinic's guide on colonoscopy preparation.
Warning Signs
Don't wait for your scheduled screening if you experience:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Blood in stool
- Persistent changes in bowel habits
- Chronic abdominal pain
The Importance of Regular Screening
Colorectal cancer is highly preventable through regular screening. The procedure can:
- Detect cancer early when it's most treatable
- Remove precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer
- Reduce colorectal cancer mortality rates by up to 60%
For more information, visit the American Cancer Society's guidelines on colorectal cancer screening or the National Cancer Institute.